近代以来的科学精神及其心理学意蕴
摘 要:近代初期的科學精神意味着人类能够不受任何外部的、既定的模式之约束,实现自由地思想、自由地探索问题的答案,却并未强调这种思想探寻应该采用何种方法。然而,由于孔德的实证主义将自然科学的巨大进步和兴盛的原因归因于其采用的研究方法,从而使近代的科学精神转变成单一的对实证方法的崇拜。实证主义科学哲学思想直接影响了现代科学和哲学的进程。当19世纪的哲学遭遇危机之时,这种实证精神便促使人们意欲通过实证的科学对哲学进行改造,即采用实证的方法来改造传统哲学。现代实验心理学是作为“科学的哲学”而诞生的,在实证精神的影响下,实验心理学以牺牲对意识经验性质的深入探索为代价,从而使得整个现代心理学不断出现危机与革命。
关键词:科学精神;哲学危机;实证哲学;实验心理学
中图分类号:B84-05文献标识码:A文章编号:
1672-1101(2019)06-0015-06
收稿日期:2019-03-11
基金项目:新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(XJNUBS1717)
作者简介:李莉莉(1981-),女,吉林长春人,讲师,科学技术哲学博士,研究方向:心理学哲学。
The Scientific Spirit and Its Psychological Implication Since Modern Times
LI Lili1,GAO Shenchun2
(1. College of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumuqi 830017, China; 2. School of Philosophy and Society, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)
Abstract: The scientific spirit of the early modern times means that human beings can be free from the constraints of any external and established patterns to realize the freedom of thinking and exploring the answers of all questions. However, it does not emphasize the way in which such thinking should be explored. But Comte’s positivism attributed the great progress and prosperity of natural science to the research method used in it; consequently, the modern scientific spirit had turned into a single adoration of the empirical method. The positive philosophy of science directly affected the process of modern philosophy and modern science. When philosophy was in crisis in nineteenth Century, this positive spirit prompted people to remold philosophy through empirical sciences, that is, using empirical methods to transform traditional philosophy. Modern experimental psychology was born as the “scientific philosophy”. Under the influence of positive spirit, experimental psychology achieved its development at the expense of deep exploration of the nature of consciousness and experience, making the whole history of modern psychology full of crisis and revolution.
推荐访问: 意蕴 近代 心理学 精神 科学