基于WASP模型的河流水质模拟及模糊风险评价
评价,本文首先建立某河流流域的WASP水质模型,以碳化生化需氧量(CBOD)和氨氮(NH3-N)为水质指标,对比分析数值计算结果与河流监测断面的实测结果,验证所建立的WASP水质模型的准确性,并依据所建立的水质模型的计算结果,运用模糊数学理论,对该河流流域内水质风险进行模糊评价。结果表明,所建立的WASP水质模型的数值计算结果与实测值吻合较好,能够较准确地模拟河流中污染物输移扩散规律,通过对该河流流域进行水质模糊风险评价,可对河流水质受不确定性因素影响的安全风险程度进行定量化分析。因此,WASP水质模型结合模糊风险评价模型可实现对河流水质所存在的风险程度进行高效地预测和评价,为该河流流域的进一步污染治理奠定理论基础。
关键词:WASP模型;河流水质;数值模拟;模糊风险评价
中图分类号:U616;X522文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-8023(2019)03-0087-06
Numerical Simulation and Fuzzy Risk Assessment of Water Quality
for Rivers based on WASP Model
CHENG Ming1*, SUN Qiang2
(1.China Construction Second Engineering Bureau CO., LTD., Beijing Branch, Beijing 100160;
2.School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040)
Abstract:To evaluate the water quality risk of river regions effectively and intuitively, this paper firstly develops a water quality model using WASP model for a specified river region. Moreover, the numerical results, including the water quality indexes of both carbonized biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), are compared with the corresponding measured ones to validate the accuracy of the WASP model. Then, based on the calculation results of the water quality model, fuzzy mathematics theory is employed to estimate the fuzzy risk of water quality of the river. The results show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the corresponding measured ones. The WASP model is able to simulate transport and diffusion of the pollutants in the rivers accurately. Through evaluating the fuzzy risk of water quality, it could analyze the water quality safety risk level of the river affected by various uncertain factors numerically. Therefore, WASP water quality model combined with fuzzy risk assessment model can effectively predict and evaluate the risk degree of river water quality. It would be the theoretical foundation to the further pollutant treatments of the river regions.
Keywords:WASP model; water quality of rivers; numerical simulation; fuzzy risk assessment
0引言
河流的水質预测及其水质状况风险评价可为河流流域内水质规划及环境质量管理提供重要依据。目前,常用的水质数值预测模型有QUAL系列模型、WASP模型和BASINS系列模型等[1-2],其中,WASP(Water quality analysis simulation program)模型是由美国环境保护署开发的,可准确且高效地模拟地表水中污染物的迁移和扩散过程的软件,具有模拟指标参数多,操作灵活简便和程序代码开源等优点,被广泛应用于河流、湖泊以及水库等的水质模拟中。许多学者通过WASP模型的数值模拟结果与实测结果进行比较,验证了模型计算结果的准确性[3-6],并应用WASP模型进行污染物排放、控制以及水质目标管理等研究[7-10]。
河流水质风险评价通常是指在特定的时空条件下,对某河流流域内因自然环境变化以及人为因素等引起的水体污染危害进行定量定性评价[11-12],其评价方法包括综合评价指数法、模糊评价法、灰色评价法和神经网络法等[13-18],这些方法根据评价对象的基础数据以及评价目标的侧重点不同各有不同的优缺点,其中,模糊评价法是基于模糊数学理论,将各种模糊关系合成运算,实现对某些边界不清楚且不易定量的评价对象进行定量分析,进而对其现状进行综合评价的方法,该方法适用于解决评价对象具有模糊性且难以定量化的问题,被广泛应用于河流水质风险评价中[19-20]。
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