楼板局部设缝框架结构概率地震需求分析
摘 要:楼板局部设缝框架通过在梁端设置贯穿楼板的通缝将楼板内纵筋与框架梁端分离,以实现“强柱弱梁”屈服机制.本文基于概率地震需求分析方法对该楼板局部设缝方法进行研究.首先利用楼板局部设缝框架振动台试验数据,验证采用OpenSees进行动力有限元分析的合理性;在此基础上,建立纯框架、传统框架、楼板局部设缝框架数值模型,选取22条地震动记录,对三种框架进行概率地震需求分析,从概率层面探究楼板和楼板局部设缝对框架结构抗震性能的影响.分析表明:楼板局部设缝可在一定程度上改善含现浇楼板框架结构的屈服机制,削弱现浇楼板带来的不利影响,提高传统框架的抗震性能以及结构的抗地震倒塌能力.
关键词:地震响应;概率地震需求分析;逐步增量动力分析;钢筋混凝土框架;楼板
中图分类号:TU352.1 文献标志码:A
文章编号:1674—2974(2018)07—0029—10
Abstract: To implement the seismic design principle of “strong column and weak beam”,frame structure with local slot in floor slab is designed, where the continuous slot penetrating through the slab along the beam ends was set to separate the longitudinal reinforcement in the slab from the beam ends. Based on the probabilistic seismic demand analysis method, frame structure with local slot in floor slab was investigated. To investigate the accuracy of numerical model, shaking table test data was utilized to verify the calculated data of frame structure with local slot in floor slab modelling by the finite element software, OpenSees. The numerical models of frame structure without slab, conventional frame structure with cast-in-place slab, and frame structure with local slot in floor slab were established subsequently. Seismic performance was studied to explore the effect of the local slot of floor slab in the viewpoint of probability based on the probabilistic seismic demand analysis,which used 22 seismic ground motions. The results showed that the cast-in-place floor slab decreased the seismic performance. Besides,the slot in floor slab weakened the adverse influence of cast-in-place floor slab and increased the seismic performance and collapse-resistant capacity of frame structure.
Key words: seismic response; probabilistic seismic demand analysis(PSDA);incremental dynamic analysis(IDA);reinforced concrete frames;floor slabs
框架結构是目前广泛使用的结构形式,我国是地震高发国,框架结构建筑一旦在地震灾害中形成耗能较差的柱铰屈服机制,不仅会造成建筑内部人员和财产的损失,更有可能引起倒塌,危害邻近建筑.实际上,为保证框架结构具有较好的延性和抗震能力,我国规范[1]已通过采用柱端弯矩增大系数等措施来实现框架结构“强柱弱梁”的屈服机制.历次震害表明,“强梁弱柱”的结构破坏形式仍有出现,形成此类震害的原因在于[2-5]:楼板及楼板内平行于梁纵向的板筋提高了梁的负弯矩承载能力,使框架结构难以实现梁铰屈服机制.为实现较为理想的框架破坏模式,许多学者建议提高规范[1]所建议的弯矩增大系数[6-8],这使得结构必须增加框架柱配筋或截面尺寸来满足抗震需求.为解决框架结构的抗震问题,同时不过多地提高工程造价,张敏等[8]提出楼板局部设缝方法对此楼板效应进行考虑.
抗震性能评估是检验结构抗震能力的有力手段.在大震作用下,结构进入非线性,塑性耗能取代结构自身阻尼耗能成为主要的耗能形式,此时规范所建议的反应谱法和弹性时程分析法已不能满足结构抗震验算的需求,而有限数量的弹塑性时程分析难以有效考虑结构动力响应的随机性.近年来,基于性能的地震工程(Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering,PBEE)快速发展,其基本理念是通过分析结构在不同水准地震激励下的破坏状态,获得建筑物实现不同性能的水平.而已被纳入FEMA-350[9]、FEMA-351[10]、FEMA-P695[11]的逐步增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA),作为抗震性能评估的有效分析方法,可以更全面地反映结构在地震作用下的动力响应.基于IDA,概率地震需求分析(Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis,PSDA)可用于获得结构面对指定性能水准的超越概率,避免传统确定性分析方法分析结构抗震性能的不足.
推荐访问: 楼板 概率 局部 地震 框架结构