巧辨强调句型与其他含it的复合句型
一、 与主语从句的区别
强调句与含形式主语it的主语从句虽然在形式上很相似,都含有it is / was... that... ,但是它们有一个很重要的区别:强调句去掉it is / was和 that之后,句子结构仍然完整,而主语从句却不能这样。试比较:
(1) It is the early bird that catches the worm.
(2) It is certain that Jeremy Lin is becoming more and more popular in China.
句(1)可改为the early bird catches the worm,意思不变,意为“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”。句(2)意为“可以确定林书豪在中国正越来越受欢迎”,却不能改为“Jeremy Lin is becoming more and more popular in China certain”。试选择:
(3) It was in the college _______ I met him first.
(4) It’s clear _______ not all boys like football.
A. that B. which C. what D. 不填
参考答案:(3)A (强调句); (4)A (主语从句)
二、 与定语从句的区别
强调句与定语从句的区别如下:
1. 强调句中的it没有实际意义,it be与that可以同时被省略,而定语从句中的it是主语,指代时间、地点等,it be与that/where/when等不可以同时省略。
2. 强调句中be的时态须与后面句子的时态相一致,而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定。
3. 强调句中的that没有意义,在句中不作任何成分,且不能省略,并且即使前面的名词是事物时,也不能将that换成which,而定语从句中的that在从句中要充当一个句子成分,作宾语时,可被省略。试比较:
(1)It is in Twilight that people find the true love between human and vampire.
(2)It is a question that needs careful consideration.
句(1)为强调句,句意为“《暮光之城》让人们看到了人与吸血鬼之间的真爱”,强调in Twilight。句(2)为定语从句,句意为“这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题”。试选择:
(3)It is around the corner _______ accidents often happen.
(4)It is the corner _______ accidents often happen.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
参考答案:(3)B (强调句); (4)C (定语从句)
三、 与状语从句的区别
1.强调句型与“It was+时间点+when从句”
该it句型中的it指时间,when引导的是时间状语从句。试比较:
(1) It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
(2) It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
句(1)是强调句,被强调的是时间状语at midnight,句意为“昨天我午夜回到家的”。句(2)是时间状语从句,时间以名词的方式表达,用来作表语,注意此时的it指代时间,句意为“昨天我回到家时是午夜了”。由此可见,时间名词前若有介词,该句就为强调句型,反之就是when引导的时间状语从句。试选择:
(3) It was on October 1,1949 _______ new China was founded.
(4) It was October 1,1949 _______ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. while D. that
参考答案:(3)D (强调句);(4)B (时间状语从句)
2. 强调句型与“It is+一段时间+since从句”
该it句型表示“自……以来已有……(时间)”。该句型中主句通常用一般现在时,since从句用一般过去时,表示一个时间点。同学们要注意这两个句型中的时态一般不同。试比较:
(1) It is two hours that he spends on English every day.
(2) It is two years since I began to learn English.
句(1)为强调句,强调宾语two hours,句意为“他每天花两个小时学英语”。句(2)为since引导的时间状语从句,句意为“自从我开始学英语已经两年了”。试选择:
(3) It was around 100 years ago _______ the modern Olympic Games began to be held.
(4) It is around 100 years _______ the modern Olympic Games began to be held.
A. before B. that C. since D. when
参考答案:(3)B (强调句);(4)C (时间状语从句)
3. 强调句型与“It is/was+一段时间+ before 从句”
该it句型中的时间都是时间段,如years,five days,twenty minutes等。主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时,从句的时态要根据主句的时态进行变化。before前的主句如果是肯定的,译为“在……之后才……”,主句如果是否定的,译为“不久就……”。试比较:
(1)It was two years before he came back from abroad.
(2)It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
两个句子都意为“他是两年后回国的”。句(1)中的it指时间,before引导的是时间状语从句;句(2)为强调句,强调状语two years later。试选择:
(3)It was not long _______ he sensed the danger of the position.
(4)It is long _______ I’ve been away,but it doesn’t seem so long.
A. when B. that C. since D. before
参考答案:(3)D (时间状语从句);(4)B (强调句)
【即学即练】
1. Is it in the factory _______ you visited last week _______ this kind of car is made?
A. 不填;that B. where;when
C. where;that D. 不填;when
2. It was _______ I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years ago before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
3. —It’s a long time _______ we met last.
—Yes,and what a pity since it will be long _______ we see each other again.
A. since;that B. that;before
C. since;before D. before;since
4. —Where did you find your iPhone?
—It was in the bag _______ my father bought me as a Christmas gift.
A. where B. that C. in which D. while
5. _______ find my wallet,Tom?
A. Where did you that
B. Where was it you
C. Where have you
D. Where was it that you
参考答案:1~5 ACCBD(责任编校/彭益)
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