不同施肥配比对芒果园土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性的影响

摘 要 通過小区试验，探索化肥减施和有机肥替代部分化肥对芒果园土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果显示，土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有速效磷含量顺序均为：常规施肥>化肥减施20%>有机肥替代20%，但化肥减施20%和常规施肥处理差异均不显著，有机肥替代20%处理的有机质、速效钾、速效磷均显著低于常规施肥；脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶活性顺序为：常规施肥>化肥减施20%>有机肥替代20%，化肥减施20%处理土壤酶活性均与常规施肥处理无差异显著性，有机肥替代20%处理的土壤酶活性均显著低于常规施肥；真菌、放线菌数量顺序为：化肥减施20%>常规施肥>有机肥替代20%，差异不显著；细菌数量顺序为：有机肥替代20%>常规施肥>化肥减施20%，差异不显著；相关性分析结果表明，土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶活性均与土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷有显著或极显著相关性。

关键词 化肥减施；有机肥替代；土壤养分；土壤酶；微生物

中图分类号 S435.33 文献标识码 A

Effects of Different Fertilizer Ratio on Soil Nutrient， Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activity in Mango Garden

Chen Ruizhou， Li Jing， Fan Jiahui， Lin Dian*

Tropical Plant Nutrition Laboratory， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

Abstract The effect of fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer on soil nutrient， microbial quantity and enzyme activity in mango orchard was explored through plot experiments. Soil pH， organic matter， nitrogen， available potassium and available phosphorus content were in the order of conventional fertilizer， chemical fertilizer 20% reduced， 20% organic fertilizer substitution， but the difference of chemical fertilizer 20% reduced and conventional fertilizer treatments were not significant. The organic matter， available potassium and available phosphorus of 20% organic fertilizer substitution were significantly lower than that of conventional fertilization. The activity of urease， catalase and acid phosphatase was in the order： conventional fertilizer， chemical fertilizer 20% reduced， 20% organic fertilizer substitution. Soil enzymatic activity of chemical fertilizer 20% reduced had no significant difference with conventional fertilizer. Soil enzymatic activities of 20% organic fertilizer substitution were significantly lower than that of conventional fertilization. Content of fungi and actinomycetes was in the order： chemical fertilizer 20% reduced>conventional fertilizer>20% organic fertilizer substitution， without significant difference. Content of bacteria was in the order： 20% organic fertilizer substitution>conventional fertilizer> chemical fertilizer 20% reduced， without significant differencet. The results of correlation analysis showed that soil urease， catalase and acid phosphatase activity were significantly correlated with soil organic matter， alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen， available potassium and available phosphorus.

Key words fertilizer reduction； organic fertilizer substitution； soil nutrient； soil enzyme； microorganism