转录因子OsEIL2正调控水稻对纹枯病的抗性

2022-04-15 08:06:38 | 浏览次数:

摘要

纹枯病(sheath blight)是水稻三大病害之一,对水稻产量和品质造成严重影响。基因芯片数据分析发现,水稻受到纹枯病菌侵染时,与拟南芥EIN3同源的基因OsEIL2表达量显著升高,预示OsEIL2与水稻对纹枯病的抗性反应相关。利用农杆菌介导的方法,构建了OsEIL2RNAi植株,实时荧光定量RTPCR分析表明,该基因被特异性沉默,接种结果显示,OsEIL2沉默后,水稻对纹枯病菌感病性增强。通过水稻原生质体和烟草亚细胞定位分析,发现该基因定位于细胞核,酵母单杂交结果表明,该基因具有转录激活活性。在OsEIL2RNAi植株中,乙烯合成关键酶的编码基因OsACO1表达量下降。综上,OsEIL2是一个与拟南芥EIN3蛋白同源的转录因子,能正调控水稻对纹枯病的抗性。

关键词

水稻;纹枯病;抗病;OsEIL2;转录因子

中图分类号:

S435.111

文献标识码:A

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.05291542.2017.01.008

Abstract

Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the three most destructive diseases in rice (Oryza sativa), which causes severe yield losses and bad quality under favorable disease conditions. Genechip data showed that the expression of OsEIL2, a homolog of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3), was significantly induced in rice by R.solani infection, suggesting a possible involvement of OsEIL2 in the defense against R.solani. In this study, we generated OsEIL2RNAi transgenic events through agrobacteriamediated transformation. Quantitative RTPCR assays showed that the transcription of OsEIL2 was specifically silenced in these transgenic events. Inoculation results showed that the OsEIL2 RNAi plants displayed more susceptibility to R.solani. Further, subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsEIL2 was localized in the nucleus of rice protoplasts and tobacco leaves. Yeast onehybrid assays showed that OsEIL2 exhibited transcriptional activity. In addition, the transcripts of OsACO1, a key gene for ethylene biosynthesis, was dowegulated in the OsEIL2RNAi plants. Taken together, we conclude that OsEIL2, an ortholog of Arabidopsis EIN3, is a transcription factor and positive regulator of rice resistance to R.solani.

Key words

Oryza sativa;rice sheath blight;disease resistance;OsEIL2;transcription factor

水稻是全球种植最普遍的农作物之一,超过半数的人口以稻米为主食[1]。各种病虫害的发生是造成水稻产量损失的主要因素,如,由立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani引起的水稻纹枯病(rice sheath blight)。该病是水稻世界性病害,一般发生时可造成减产10%~30%,严重时可达50%[2]。由于水稻对纹枯病的抗性属于典型的数量性状,迄今未发现免疫或高抗种质,抗病育种一直进展缓慢,加之近年来矮化育种及高肥密植栽培技术的采用,由纹枯病造成的危害逐渐加重,在我国南方部分稻区已被认为是水稻第一大病害。水稻纹枯病菌是一种死体营养型病原真菌,现有研究表明,植物对该类病菌的防卫反应通常涉及乙烯(ethylene,ET)、 茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)两种植物激素信号通路[3]。Helliwell等[4]将乙烯合成途径中的一个关键酶1氨基环丙烷1羧酸合成酶(1aminocyclopropane1carboxylic acid synthase,OsACS2)的编码基因在水稻中过表达后,内源乙烯含量明显升高,转基因植株对纹枯病的抗性显著增强,表明乙烯参与水稻对纹枯病的抗性。

乙烯是一种内源植物气体激素,在植物生长发育及对生物和非生物胁迫响应等许多方面起着重要作用[56]。通过遗传学方法,现已鉴定出了拟南芥中乙烯信号传导途径中的重要基因,初步描绘出了一条近似线性的乙烯信号传导途径。当乙烯不存在时,乙烯受體蛋白可结合并激活CTR1(constitutive triple response 1),从而抑制下游转录因子EIN2(ethylene insensitive 2)和EIN3/EIL(ethylene insensitive 3/EIN3like),使其处于非激活状态;受体蛋白一旦结合乙烯,则阻止其与CTR1的结合及其激酶活性的激活,下游反应也不再受抑制,EIN2进而激活EIN3/EIL,触发转录级联反应,建立乙烯响应[79]。

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