微型植物工厂温湿度场分析与传感器优化布局

方案，利用计算流体力学CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）仿真软件FLUENT对不同方案下的温湿度场进行模拟仿真，分析不同传感器布局与植物生长区温湿度变化的关系，找到传感器最佳布局方案并进行验证试验。仿真结果表明：借助计算流体力学仿真，通过比较不同布置方案的温湿度数据拟合优度等参数，可以直观分析数据采集差异性，便于最佳方案的比较和筛选。试验结果表明：温湿度实测数据同模拟数据相对误差分别保持在5.6%和3.2%以下，模拟效果与实验效果吻合较好，筛选出的方案能够准确跟踪植物生长区温湿度变化，验证模型的有效性。该研究对提高植物工厂的控制精度和减少作物生长的差异性具有一定参考价值。

关键词：微型植物工厂;温湿度传感器;流体力学;组分守恒;湍流模型

中图分类号：S31;TP273文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-8023（2019）02-0061-08

Analysis of Temperature and Humidity Field and Layout Optimization of Sensor in Micro Plant Factory

ZHAO Guoqiang， JIA Heming， ZHANG Sen， PENG Xiaoxu， LI Jinduo， MA Jun

（College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040）

Abstract：In the process of temperature and humidity changes in micro-plant factories， there are differences in the distribution of temperature and humidity fields. The data collected by the sensors will change with the position of the sensors， which will affect the accuracy of data collection. Aiming at the above problems， this paper proposes a sensor layout scheme， using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation software FLUENT to simulate the temperature and humidity fields under different schemes， and analyze the different sensor layouts and the temperature and humidity changes in the plant growth area. The optimal layout of the sensor is found and verification tests are conducted. The simulation results show that by using computational fluid dynamics simulation， by comparing the parameters such as the goodness of temperature and humidity data fitting of different layout schemes， the data collection differences can be visually analyzed， which is convenient for comparison and screening of the best schemes. The test results show that the relative error between the measured data of temperature and humidity and the simulated data is kept below 5.6% and 3.2% respectively. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The selected scheme can accurately track the temperature and humidity changes in the plant growth area and verify the effectiveness of the model. This research has certain reference value for improving the control precision of plant factories and reducing the difference of crop growth.

Keywords：Micro plant factory; temperature and humidity sensor; fluid dynamics; component conservation; turbulence model

0引言

傳统的植物生长环境温湿度控制的重点一般放在控制精度上，忽略了均匀性给植物生长带来的影响。植物生长的过程中温湿度场分布不均匀容易导致各区域植物生长的差异性，严重时甚至可以影响整个植物工厂的产量。此外在温湿度变化的过程中，由于整个空间内部的温湿度场分布不均匀，传感器所采集的数据会随着传感器的位置改变而变化，导致采集的数据不能准确跟踪反映出植物生长区的温湿度变化 [1-3]。因此研究植物生长区的温湿度场分布的均匀性和提高传感器数据采集的准确性有很大的意义。