动物实验室通风熏蒸过程的模拟研究
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摘 要:动物实验室在启用前需要进行熏蒸彻底灭菌消毒以保证室内洁净. 通风系统熏蒸是在送风管与排风管之间加入熏蒸气体发生设备,通过室内空气循环来促进熏蒸气体扩散. 为了研究通风系统熏蒸过程气体浓度分布的影响因素,用icem建模以及fluent软件对该过程的不同的时间、换气次数、送风形式及温度分布状态下多工况的气流组织进行瞬态模拟,预测并分析熏蒸气体浓度和湿度的分布规律. 得出使熏蒸气体快速达到灭菌程度的最小换气次数随时间延长而减小,改变送风形式可以减少实验台附近的涡流,室内温度随高度降低有利于熏蒸气体快速扩散的结论,以便对熏蒸灭菌进行更有效的控制,对于指导动物实验的安全进行有重要意义.
关键词:动物实验室;熏蒸;气流组织;数值模拟;空气稳定性
中图分类号:TU834.3 文獻标志码: A
Simulation Study of Ventilation Fumigation Process in Animal Laboratory
GONG Guangcai†,XIONG Zhaoxue,DENG Xiaorui,LIU Jiyang,AN Kehui
(College of Civil Engineering ,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)
Abstract:The animal laboratory needs to be fumigated and disinfected thoroughly before starting using in order to ensure the cleanness of the room. Ventilation system fumigation provides the fumigation gas generating equipment between air supply pipe and air discharge pipe to promote the fumigation gas diffusion through indoor air circulation. In order to study the influencing factors of gas concentration distribution in the fumigation process of the ventilation system, icem modeling and fluent software were used to carry out the transient simulation of air distribution in different conditions under different times,ventilation times,air supply modes and temperature distribution conditions, and to predict and analyze the distribution law of fumigation gas concentration and humidity. It is concluded that the minimum ventilation rate to quickly reach the sterilization degree decreases with time, the change of the air supply mode can reduce the vortex near the test bench, and the indoor temperature decreases with the height to facilitate the rapid diffusion of fumigation gas, so as to control the fumigation more effectively, which is of great significance to guide the safety of animal experiment.
Key words:animal lab;fumigation;air distribution;simulation;air stability
在制药和化工方面,动物实验室是进行毒性实验、三致实验、以及药效药代实验的场所,其在生物制品、食品工业和轻工业等方面也发挥着重要作用. 动物实验室启用前一般要进行甲醛熏蒸杀菌消毒,消毒后落下菌数量应为0~3个/皿. 在进行甲醛熏蒸之后,菌落数水平总是立即降低[1]. 甲醛熏蒸消毒的本质在于使病原体蛋白质凝固,蛋白质分子烷基化,从而达到杀菌的目的. 其成本低廉、杀菌彻底,是最传统广泛的熏蒸气体. 熏蒸灭菌分为密闭式熏蒸和通风系统熏蒸. 密闭式熏蒸是将门窗封闭,用高锰酸钾和福尔马林溶液按一定比例配置后加热蒸发. 通风系统熏蒸是把甲醛熏蒸灭菌仪器安装于送风管和排风管之间,需要进行甲醛熏蒸时,将甲醛倒入熏蒸气体发生器,打开送回风管关闭系统新风和排风,启动风机,气体扩散30 min后,停止送回风系统. 甲醛熏蒸应当在室温不低于21 ℃且相对湿度为70%的条件下进行[2]. 实验室通风系统中,在进风和排风总管处应安装气密型调节阀门,必要时可完全关闭阀门以进行室内化学熏蒸消毒. 实验室的进风应经初、中、高效三级过滤. 实验室的排风必须经高效过滤或加其他方法处理后向空中排放[3]. 消毒时不能留死角,且保证消毒药的浓度和消毒时间.
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