城市化对水域景观格局的时空影响

文章编号：0439-8114（2016）08-1949-08

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.08.012

Abstract：In the paper，of land use information was obtained from five years of remote sensing images of Wuhan urban circle Landsat TM（1987，1995，2000，2005，2011） by combining machine and visual interpretation.Then water information was extracted.，The change mechanism of water landscape pattern in the process of the urbanization of Wuhan city circle during 1987 — 2011 was discussed from the scale of region and city， respectively. Water landscape pattern and its dynamic changes were also analyzed to explore the response of waters landscape pattern towards the factor of urbanization.the following conclusions were obtained：（1）In metropolitan scale，the factor of urbanization such as urbanization rate，the total population， GDP and urbanization building area can predict changes in water landscape pattern， but the correlation between the total area of water landscape and the urbanization factor was weak；（2）In the city region scale， the urbanization factor which affects the change of water landscape pattern is different in different cities，and there are differences in theimpact；（3）In metropolitan area and city scales，with the economic development，population increase，the proportion of non-agricultural population increased，as well as the expansion of construction land（urbanization strength increases），water landscape area firstly reduced and then increased，landscape fragmentation decreased but the stability increased，shape tends to be regular and the aggregation of water landscape increased.

Key words：water；landscape pattern；urbanization；Wuhan city circle

水域景观是人类活动区域中最重要的开放空间，是自然要素最为密集、自然过程最为复杂的地域，对人类社会的发展起着重要作用[1]。目前的研究主要集中在对自然河道景观的历史演变上[2-6]，对城市水域景观演变的研究相对较少，主要包括汪松年等[7]对上海市河流、湖泊淡水湿地历史变迁的分析，范今朝等[8]对杭州运河功能的历史变迁的研究。城市水域演变原因的分析，一般都认为城市水域景观演变的原因主要是自然因子和人为干扰因素，包括地震、植被的有无、人类围垦、城市化和城市发展的方针、政策等。张晓阳[9]认为洞庭湖的演变主要是泥沙沉积和人类围垦引起的；崔秀丽等[10]认为白洋淀生态演变的主要原因是水源不足、水体富营养化、水生生物群结构简单。陈坚[11]指出江南水乡水面减少的主要原因是20世纪50～70年代的围湖造田和城市化进程的加快。汪松年等[7]指出，由于城市化使上海的淡水河流、湖泊的河面率由80年代初的11.10%减少到最近的8.40%，减少了2.7个百分点，也就是说，近20年来减少水面积约1/4。